nondescript/src/ndspkg/types/value.nim

import strformat
import bitops

import ndstring
import stringutils
import ndtable
import ndlist

type
  NdValue* = uint
  
  NatReturn* = object
    ok*: bool
    msg*: string

# NaN boxing constants

# see https://craftinginterpreters.com/optimization.html
# bit layout:
# bit 63 is used for type information as well
# bits 62-50 are all 1 if it's not a float
# bits 49-48 determine type:
  # if bit 63 is 0:
  # 00 -> nil or bool (singletons)
  # 01 -> string
  # 10 -> funct
  # 11 -> closure (to be implemented later)
  # if bit 63 is 1:
  # 00 -> list
  # 01 -> table
  # 10 -> native funct (to be implemented later)
  # 11 -> unused for now

const qNan* = 0x7ffc000000000000'u

const ndNil* = 0x7ffc000000000001'u
const ndTrue* = 0x7ffc000000000002'u
const ndFalse* = 0x7ffc000000000003'u

# 0111 1111 1111 11*01* 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000
const tagString* = 0x7ffd000000000000'u

# 0111 1111 1111 11*10* 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000
const tagFunct* = 0x7ffe000000000000'u

const tagList* = 0xfffc000000000000'u
const tagTable* = 0xfffd000000000000'u

const mask48* = 0xffff000000000000'u

# converters

template isNil*(val: NdValue): bool =
  val == ndNil

template isBool*(val: NdValue): bool =
  (val.bitor(1'u)) == ndFalse

template isFloat*(val: NdValue): bool =
  val.bitand(qNan) != qNan 

template isString*(val: NdValue): bool =
  val.bitand(mask48) == tagString

template isFunct*(val: NdValue): bool =
  val.bitand(mask48) == tagFunct

template isList*(val: NdValue): bool =
  val.bitand(mask48) == tagList

template isTable*(val: NdValue): bool =
  val.bitand(mask48) == tagTable

# these assume that the type has been previously determined
template asBool*(val: NdValue): bool =
  val == ndTrue

template asFloat*(val: NdValue): float =
  cast[float64](val)

template asString*(val: NdValue): NdString =
  cast[NdString](val.bitand(mask48.bitnot()))

template asFunct*(val: NdValue): ptr uint8 =
  cast[ptr uint8](val.bitand(mask48.bitnot()))

template asList*(val: NdValue): List[NdValue] =
  cast[List[NdValue]](val.bitand(mask48.bitnot()))

template asTable*(val: NdValue): NdTable[NdValue, NdValue] =
  cast[NdTable[NdValue, NdValue]](val.bitand(mask48.bitnot()))

template fromNil*(): NdValue =
  ndNil

template fromBool*(val: bool): NdValue =
  if val: ndTrue else: ndFalse

template fromFloat*(val: float): NdValue =
  cast[NdValue](val)

template fromNdString*(val: NdString): NdValue =
  cast[uint](val).bitor(tagString)

template fromNimString*(sval: string): NdValue =
  fromNdString(newString(sval))

template fromFunct*(val: ptr uint8): NdValue =
  cast[uint](val).bitor(tagFunct)

template fromList*(val: List[NdValue]): NdValue =
  cast[uint](val).bitor(tagList)

template fromTable*(val: NdTable[NdValue, NdValue]): NdValue =
  cast[uint](val).bitor(tagTable)


# for hashtables

proc fnv1a*(ndval: NdValue): int =
  var hash = 2166136261'u32
  var val = ndval
  for i in countup(0, 7):
    hash = hash xor val.uint8.uint32
    hash *= 16777619
    val = val shr 8
  return hash.int

proc equal*(val, right: NdValue): bool =
  if val.isFloat() and right.isFloat():
    val.asFloat() == right.asFloat()
  else:
    val == right

# KON VALUE HELPERS, MUST BE DEFINED FOR EVERY KONVALUE

proc `$`*(val: NdValue): string =
  if val.isNil():
    return "nil"
  elif val == ndTrue:
    return "true"
  elif val == ndFalse:
    return "false"
  elif val.isFloat():
    return $val.asFloat()
  elif val.isFunct():
    return &"Function object {cast[uint](val.asFunct())}"
  elif val.isString():
    return $val.asString()
  elif val.isTable():
    return $val.asTable()
  elif val.isList():
    return $val.asList()

proc isFalsey*(val: NdValue): bool =
  val == ndNil or val == ndFalse

template isTruthy*(val: NdValue): bool =
  not val.isFalsey()

proc friendlyType*(val: NdValue): string =
  if val == ndNil:
    "nil"
  elif val.isBool():
    "bool"
  elif val.isFloat():
    "number"
  elif val.isString():
    "string"
  elif val.isFunct():
    "function"
  elif val.isTable():
    "table"
  elif val.isList():
    "list"
  else:
    "unknown"

# NatReturn misc

proc natError*(msg: string): NatReturn {.inline.} =
  NatReturn(ok: false, msg: msg)

const natOk* = NatReturn(ok: true)

# OPERATIONS

proc negate*(val: var NdValue): NatReturn {.inline.} =
  if not val.isFloat():
    return natError("Operand must be a number.")
  else:
    val = fromFloat(-val.asFloat())
    return natOk

proc add*(val: var NdValue, right: NdValue): NatReturn {.inline.} =
  if val.isFloat() and right.isFloat():
    val = fromFloat(val.asFloat() + right.asFloat())
  elif val.isString() and right.isString():
    val = fromNdString(val.asString() & val.asString())
  else:
    return natError(&"Attempt to add types {val.friendlyType()} and {right.friendlyType()}.")
  return natOk

proc subtract*(val: var NdValue, right: NdValue): NatReturn {.inline.} =
  if val.isFloat() and right.isFloat():
    val = fromFloat(val.asFloat() - right.asFloat())
  else:
    return natError(&"Attempt to subtract types {val.friendlyType()} and {right.friendlyType()}.")
  return natOk

proc multiply*(val: var NdValue, right: NdValue): NatReturn {.inline.} =
  if val.isFloat() and right.isFloat():
    val = fromFloat(val.asFloat() * right.asFloat())
  else:
    return natError(&"Attempt to multiply types {val.friendlyType()} and {right.friendlyType()}.")
  return natOk

proc divide*(val: var NdValue, right: NdValue): NatReturn {.inline.} =
  if val.isFloat() and right.isFloat():
    val = fromFloat(val.asFloat() / right.asFloat())
  else:
    return natError(&"Attempt to divide types {val.friendlyType()} and {right.friendlyType()}.")
  return natOk

proc less*(val: var NdValue, right: NdValue): NatReturn {.inline.} =
  if val.isFloat() and right.isFloat():
    val = fromBool(val.asFloat() < right.asFloat())
  else:
    return natError(&"Attempt to compare types {val.friendlyType()} and {right.friendlyType()}.")
  return natOk

proc greater*(val: var NdValue, right: NdValue): NatReturn {.inline.} =
  if val.isFloat() and right.isFloat():
    val = fromBool(val.asFloat() > right.asFloat())
  else:
    return natError(&"Attempt to compare types {val.friendlyType()} and {right.friendlyType()}.")
  return natOk

proc getLength*(val: var NdValue): NatReturn {.inline.} =
  if val.isList():
    val = fromFloat(val.asList().getLength().float)
  elif val.isTable():
    val = fromFloat(val.asTable().getLength().float)
  elif val.isString():
    val = fromFloat(val.asString().getLength().float)
  else:
    return natError(&"Attempt to get length of type {val.friendlyType()}, this operator is only available for lists, tables and strings.")
  return natOk

proc getIndex*(val: var NdValue, index: NdValue): NatReturn {.inline.} =
  if val.isTable():
    var tbl = val.asTable()
    if not tbl.tableGet(index, val):
      val = fromNil()
    return natOk

  template indexInt: int =
    index.asFloat().int

  template checkBounds(len: int) =
    if not index.isFloat():
      return natError(&"Attempt to index using an index of type {index.friendlyType()}: only numerical indexes are allowed.")

    if indexInt() < 0 or indexInt() >= len:
      return natError(&"Index out of bounds. Index used: {index}; valid range: 0 - {len - 1} inclusive.")

  if val.isList():
    var list = val.asList()
    let len = list.getLength()
    len.checkBounds()
    val = list.getIndex(indexInt)
  elif val.isString():
    var str = val.asString()
    let len = str.getLength()
    len.checkBounds()
    val = str.getIndex(indexInt).fromNdString()
  else:
    return natError(&"Attempt to index a type {val.friendlyType()}, this operator is only available for lists, tables and strings.")
  return natOk

proc setIndex*(val: var NdValue, index: NdValue, newval: NdValue): NatReturn {.inline.} =
  if val.isTable():
    var tbl = val.asTable()
    discard tbl.tableSet(index, newval)
    return natOk

  if val.isList():
    var list = val.asList()
    let len = list.getLength()
    let indexint = index.asFloat().int
    if not index.isFloat():
      return natError(&"Attempt to index using an index of type {index.friendlyType()}: only numerical indexes are allowed.")

    if indexInt < 0 or indexInt >= len:
      return natError(&"Index out of bounds. Index used: {index}; valid range: 0 - {len - 1} inclusive.")
    list.setIndex(indexInt, newval)
  else:
    return natError(&"Attempt to set-index a type {val.friendlyType()}, this operator is only available for lists and tables.")
  return natOk